外空非生物资源的法律属性：

可占有性、所有权和获取

（Legal status of abiotic resources in outer space: Appropriability, ownership, and access）

【文章来源】

　　《莱顿国际法学刊》（Leiden Journal of International Law）2022年

【内容摘要】

　　人类探索和利用外空首先受制于“不得据为己有”义务。这一义务旨在防止竞争性领土主张及其带来的冲突，并不及于外空非生物资源的开发。新近国家实践表明，这种开发活动落入外空探索和利用自由的范畴，已是明显趋势。未来关于外空非生物资源开发的国际法律制度应禁止对天体上的“原位”非生物资源提出财产权主张，回避极具争议性的所有权问题，通过一个分阶段的优先权制度来协调不同开发主体的资源活动，并落实能力建设与国际合作义务。平行开发制度、货币惠益分享等不应被排除，尽管这些主张很可能受部分航天大国抵制。

　　Humankind’s exploration and use of outer space are first and foremost limited by the obligation of non-appropriation. This prohibition, with an aim to prevent conflicts arising from competing territorial claims, does not extend to the exploitation of abiotic resources in space. Recent state practice has shown a clear trend of regarding such exploitation as a freedom of exploration and use of outer space. The future international legal regime should prohibit property claims over natural resources in place on celestial bodies, avoid the controversial issue of ownership, co-ordinate the resource activities of different entities by a stage-specific and priority-right-based mechanism, and harden the obligations of capacity-building and co-operation. The ideas of parallel system and monetary benefit sharing should not be discarded although resistance from major space-faring countries is foreseeable.

【关键词】

　　外空非生物资源；惠益分享；人类共同遗产；避免冲突；不得据为己有

　　abiotic resources in space; benefit sharing; common heritage of mankind; deconfliction; non-appropriation

编辑：魏飞

审核：邓朝晖